Periodontics is the branch of dentistry dedicated to the health of the gums, bone, and connective tissues that support the teeth. Healthy gums are essential for a healthy smile, but periodontal (gum) disease is extremely common—affecting nearly half of adults in the U.S. to some degree. Periodontists are dental specialists trained to diagnose, prevent, and treat diseases of the gums and supporting structures, and they play a critical role in preserving long-term oral health.
Whether you’re noticing bleeding gums, have been told you have gum disease, or are researching treatment options recommended by your dentist, this page will help you understand what periodontics includes, how gum disease is treated, and which procedures may be recommended.
Periodontal disease is a progressive infection caused by bacteria that accumulate around the teeth and along the gumline. Without treatment, this inflammation can damage the gums and bone, eventually leading to loose teeth or tooth loss.
Gum disease generally develops in stages:
Periodontists specialize in diagnosing gum disease, determining its severity, and providing both non-surgical and surgical treatments to stop its progression and restore oral health.
If you notice any of the following symptoms, a periodontal evaluation may be needed:
Early treatment is critical, as gum disease is easier to manage before significant damage occurs.
Below are the major procedures commonly included in Periodontics, with links to the relevant articles when available. As the site’s library grows, these will become a comprehensive hub for gum-health information.
A non-surgical procedure that removes plaque, tartar, and bacteria beneath the gumline. Root planing smooths the tooth roots, helping the gums reattach and reducing inflammation.
Ongoing cleanings for patients with a history of gum disease. These appointments occur more frequently than standard cleanings to help prevent disease recurrence.
This includes periodontal charting, pocket measurements, dental X-rays, and clinical evaluation to identify the presence and severity of gum disease.
Depending on your needs, treatment may include deep cleaning, laser therapy, antibiotics, or surgical procedures to control infection and restore gum health.
A surgical procedure that cleans bacteria from deep periodontal pockets and reshapes damaged bone to reduce pocket depth and prevent further infection.
Procedures that remove and reshape excess or diseased gum tissue. These may be performed to treat gum disease or improve smile appearance.
Removes excess gum (and sometimes bone) tissue to expose more of a tooth’s structure. This may be needed before placing a dental crown or for cosmetic “gummy smile” correction.
Uses precision lasers to remove infected tissue and bacteria while promoting healing. Laser therapy can reduce post-treatment discomfort and may improve outcomes for some patients.
Antibiotic gels or microspheres placed directly into periodontal pockets to reduce bacterial levels and support healing during gum disease treatment.
A technique used to stabilize loose teeth by bonding them together, providing improved chewing comfort and preventing tooth migration.
The removal or modification of a tight frenum (the small fold of tissue connecting the lip or tongue). This can improve gum health, reduce recession risk, and resolve functional issues.
A minimally invasive procedure used to treat gum recession without traditional incisions or sutures.
Used to restore lost gum tissue, cover exposed roots, and prevent further recession. Grafts can be taken from the patient or from donor tissue.
A periodontist’s advanced training enables them to:
They also work closely with general dentists and other specialists to ensure comprehensive care.
Periodontal health is strongly linked to your overall health. Studies have shown associations between gum disease and:
Treating gum disease not only protects your smile—it may also support your systemic health.
If you are experiencing symptoms of gum disease or have been referred for periodontal treatment, you can use our Dentist Directory to find a periodontist or general dentist offering periodontal services in your area. Patient reviews can help you make an informed decision about your care.
Gum disease is caused by bacteria that accumulate on the teeth and gums. Poor brushing and flossing habits, smoking, dry mouth, genetics, and certain health conditions can increase your risk.
Early gum disease (gingivitis) is often reversible with professional cleaning and improved home care. Advanced periodontitis can’t be reversed, but it can be treated and managed to prevent tooth loss.
Not always. Many people have gum disease without noticeable symptoms, which is why routine dental exams are essential.
Patients treated for periodontitis typically need periodontal maintenance every 3–4 months to keep the disease under control.
Laser periodontal therapy can offer advantages such as less discomfort and faster healing, but it’s not always a replacement for surgical treatment. Your dentist or periodontist will recommend the best option based on your condition.
Untreated gum disease can lead to gum recession, bone loss, loose teeth, and eventually tooth loss. It is a progressive condition and should be addressed promptly.
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